RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled.Ĭompared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack. Here, we'll take a look at four major types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and regulatory RNAs. A nucleotide in an RNA chain will contain ribose (the five-carbon sugar), one of the four nitrogenous bases (A, U, G, or C), and a phosphate group. Topic 7.1 DNA Structure and Replication exons code for mature mRNA which codes for polypeptides introns are transcribed into RNA, but then removed by enzymes. The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. Ribonucleic acid (RNA), unlike DNA, is usually single-stranded. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach. The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. This Biochemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis.ĪT (adenine-thymine) GC (guanine-cytosine)ĪU (adenine-uracil) GC (guanine-cytosine) Nucleic Acids - RNA and DNA Structure - Biochemistry. Organic molecules are defined as molecules that contain and hydrogen atoms. Ribose sugar phosphate backbone adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. In contrast to pseudogenes, which represent host messenger RNA. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides.ĭeoxyribose sugar phosphate backbone adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases The term satellite is used to describe DNA sequences that comprise short head-to-tail. DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides.Ī-form helix. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms.ī-form double helix. Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. The human genome is made of 3.2 billion bases of DNA but other organisms have different genome sizes.Long-term storage of genetic information transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms.This double helix structure was first discovered by Francis Crick and James Watson with the help of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. The strands are separated during DNA replication.The two strands run in the opposite direction (antiparallel) to each other so that one runs 5’ to 3’ and one runs 3’ to 5’, they are called the sense strand and the antisense strand, respectively.Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and. DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder a shape known as a double helix. Each strand of DNA has a beginning and an end, called 5’ (five prime) and 3’ (three prime) respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.Each base pair is joined together by hydrogen bonds.The bases always pair together in the same way, A with T, C with G.The bases on one strand of the DNA molecule pair together with complementary bases on the opposite strand of DNA to form the ‘rungs’ of the DNA ‘ladder’.Each strand is composed of long sequences of the four bases, A, C, G and T.An illustration to show the double helix structure of DNA.
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